Mixing and transporting concrete.



D.S. HUMPHREY.. Mmm; Ann TnANsPonnNG CONCRETE.

APPLlcmxoN `FIL-ED lune l'. |9`z5. 1,220,338. 5 Patented Man 2T, 1917.

2 SHEETS-sugar r.

nrranifrs APPLICATION FILED IUNI; 1, 11915.

2 SHEES-SHEET 7 ATTURNEYS UNITED sTA'rn-s raimrr omen DUDLEY S. HUMPHBEY, OF DEVELA` D, OHIO. i I

KRIEG AND, TBANSPOBTIN CONCJ LETE.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, DUDLEY HUM- 'rHann a citizen of the United States, re-V siding at Cleveland,` in the county of Cuyahoga and StateA of Ohio, have 1nveted lcertain new' and useful Improvements in Mixing and Transporting Con- 4tain` ,the densest possible mixture, it is 25.

. mixed, well graded and enough cement be desirable that the ingredients be thoroughly used to obtain. a rich mixture. The usevv of plentygof waterwill drive out the air en# Y l. trained between the particlesof the agthe material s 'gregates, andproduce Aa mushy mixture adapted to be oured. To `prevent weakness liould be poured immediately 'after mixing, and the tendency for the cement'and sandte separate and form separatelayers must also be prevented during transportation and pouring.

`My improved process'and apparatus is especially designed to accomplish each and every desirable result as stated, particuliirly in erecting va structure having monolithic walls of concrete.

In 4 he accompanying drawings, Figure l is aside view of a combined concrete mixer and transporting device employed by me in practising the process herein described, including a. sectional view of a mold or form for a two story house. 'Fig is an endviewof thevcombined mixerand transportingl apparatus and a side view of a machine for proportionin'g the ingredients.4

Fig. Bis-a plan-,view of Fig. -2,and Fig. 4 is a sectional view-somewhat enlarged', of the outer portion of the conveyer. Fig. A5 is ya cross' section on line Fig. 4, and

Fig.. 6 is a cross section `on .line ti-4.5, Fig. 4. fig. 7 is a plan view, and Fig. 8,. a

having walls of monolithic character.

Speeieation of Letters Patent. Patented Maf, y27, 1917, manana and :une 1,'1915. semi no. 31,382.V

f side view, of t 1e lower orpivot end of the mixing conve er. Fig. 9 is a cross section on line 9-9, ig. 1.

The'I strength of concrete `depends upon et the mixture'en. ployed, character of mixing, care and method practised inn placing the mixture, prete( tion afforded the Work, and

upon the age of the concrete.4 Sand, and

broken-stone, or gravel, mixed with cement 'V65 and water, is the usual mixture employed, but other mat :rials thanstone or gravel and Asubstituteu for sand have also been used. The pro portions of the materials' is dependent upon the. use to which the concrete `is to be 1i ut, and a rich and wet mix gi v es. the best iesults in `building structures In work of this kind and following my process I use a 'continuous mixing machine 2 in 75 which `the sand, stone and cement `is fed separately and concurrently in a dry state `from separate lioppers 3, 4 and 5 by jsuitable chain carriers 6. These materials'are deposited in de finite and fixed slp'roportions 8 0- into a receptacle 7 in which a aft 8. ha@ ing sprally arfanged blades 9 rials thoroughly together while continuously conveying' them forward to dis-"85 charge spout 1 0 at the outer end of the receptacle. .Wa ter is usually added to the materials at or lnear the discharge end of the receptacle. As it isvery important to obtain afthorough and uniform distribution of the censent, .which is the vital element of concrel e, the materias lefmixed dry 'as alrst step. Cement bindsthe par ticles of aggregate togetherv helps lill fthe voids,V and veu density.

I roportion and proper distribution ofthe water has an importantbearing on .the re4 suits attained. Both the time of Set ,100

and thestrengih of the y:concrete are a fected. T he amount fof water in the Iconcrete also'depezlds somewhat,A on the 'rate of running of th e machine, and where large quantities of. co lerete have v,to Vbe delivered .1405- wlithout intermizson as inthe construction 01 a house with monolithic Walls, acon-A tijnuous fiow of wateris necessary. There-1 fore, a thorougl. initial mixing of. the

aterials is des: rable to permltla constantll 110,

fied of uniform mix before adding the`l "u ater and continuing the' mixing operation.

is adapted to rotate and. mix and feedthe dry mate- The 'function of 95;' water in t e mixture is to develop the `chemical activity of the cement; land theI transferred in part'to the succeeding pocket or pockets, and the same operation repeated innumerable times until each mixture is discharged eventually through the spot 29. It is a process of repeated mixing tog/ether of small portions of a weteonerete mixture, during a 'more lor less extensive and con tinuoustravel of the material, and in this way the proper quantity of Water is uniformly distributed. The mixture is worked best hen in a more or less semi-liquid state, and o e speed of the conveyer is a factor in producing a thorough mix. When a Wet and liowing .mixture is being handled ,the speed 'of the conveyer is relatively rapid to carry a considerable amount of Water along', in-

f crease agitation of the mixture, and obtain uniform'mixture by preventing the aggregates from settling separately. v Agitation and intermixture of small 'divisions of the mixture cause thelcement and the sand to be perfectly distributed before discharging,

'and\obviously, each small division of the mixture is not permitted to set for an in stant Vuntil linally poured into its place of actual use. The `resultant concrete willhave the maximum' density, etrengthvan'd Water` tightness which an ideal concrete should possess, and time, labor and expense 1s reduced to a minimum in mixing and placing 1 theconerete according to my invention.

When the vvetv concrete mixture is discharged at spout 29 it possesses greater tenacious viscidity than the lirst mix and the aggregates do not settle so easily. The agu gregates are also in better shape, that is, cleaner after thcir forced andI agitated up- Ward travel. Moreover, the consistency of the discharged mixture is such that no tamping or spading tf the mixture in the forms is required, and v,he mixture is also so dense and the aggregs tes so thoroughly covered l thatthe rough aggregates do not show at the.,

surface and all roids are completely filled.

f lVhat I claim s: o Y

The process or`fo11x'11ng concrete which consists Jprimarily in mining the sand,

gravel, 'cement and other possible ingreilbl ents with saturitiqn to produce a semiliquid or free ,"iimving linixture adapted ultimately to be poured and to beself-dstributing to horzonta'l levels substantially like a liquid subf .tulnee;v then entraining the mixture in` a continuous stream up an ineline for agreate r or less distance to its dis charge and at they same time further mixing and improving the quality of the mixture by causingsmal. portions the1eof to iiow ylmekward or remrogressively at glven intervals in and against `the `main ascending stream While the stream itself, as a Whole,

is moving forward toits point of delivery. In testimony whereof I aiiix Amy signature in presence of Va `vitness.

DUD LEY S. HUMPHREY. I Witness:

R. B. 'Mosizm 

